In short, the locations (in rough order of first encounters) are as follows:
Cave of Solitude, Calaglia Nevira Snow Plains, Cyslodia Frozen Valley, Cyslodia Overseer Hill, Elde Menancia Talka Pond Road, Elde Menancia Adan Lake, Mahag Saar Adan Ruins, Mahag Saar The Ocean, via the Cargo Freighter at the Hidden Wharf, Mahag Saar Shinefall Woods, Ganath Haros Lavtu Marshlands, Ganath Haros Fogwharl Limestone Caverns, Ganath Haros The Uninhabited Island, Other
And you can skip down to whatever location you’re looking for with the table of contents below.
Calaglia
Spot #1: The Cave of Solitude
There is only one fishing spot in the whole of Calaglia, and it’s found in the Cave of Solitude. The cave can be accessed from the southern edge of Kyrd Garrison. Upon entering the cavern simply follow the path down and you’ll see the pier in no time. The following fish can be caught from the Cave of Solitude:
Cave Sea Bass Amber Mackerel Coral Flatfish Karasuba Sea Bream Lacerda Salmon
Cyslodia
Spot #2: Nevira Snow Plains
Upon entering the Nevira Snow Plains from the Rudhir Forest, simply follow the path and pass by where you first encountered the owl forest. The cavern hosting the fishing spot will be on the right-hand side shortly after crossing the stone bridge. The following fish can be caught from Nevira Snow Plains:
Pond Tilapia Berserker Piranha Tricolored Catfish Polar Bass Nevira Piranha Armored Sturgeon
Spot #3: Frozen Valley
To reach the Frozen Valley fishing spot, enter the area from the direction of the Safar Sea Cave. Cross the wooden bridge and take an immediate right once you reach the other side. Then follow this path briefly to reach the pier. The following fish can be caught from the Frozen Valley:
Hawksbill Trout Pearly Pike Polar Bass Azure Tilapia Cyslodian Salmon
Elde Menancia
Spot #4: Overseer Hill
To reach the fishing spot in Overseer Hill, simply enter the location from the direction of Trasilda Highway. Once there, make a left just before the campfire and you’ll see the fishing pier almost immediately. The following fish can be caught from Overseer Hill:
Pond Tilapia Berserker Piranha Hawksbill Trout Menancian Bass Traslida Arowana Golden Catfish
Spot #5: Talka Pond Road
Talka Pond is unmissable, as it will be the first fishing location that you’ll be able to interact with. And it includes the tutorial for the fishing minigame itself. It’s found after taking the south exit from Viscint and heading towards the Mountain Trail of Mahag Saar. The following fish can be caught at Talka Pond:
Dahnan Bass Pond Tilapia Hawksbill Trout Menancian Catfish Talka Trout
Mahag Saar
Spot #6: Adan Lake
To reach the fishing spot in Adan Lake, simply use the fast travel point by the campfire and the pier will be right there. However, if this is your first time entering the area, head to the southernmost point along the shoreline and you’ll come across the pier. The fish that can be caught at Adan Lake are as follows:
Dahnan Bass Berserker Piranha Tricolored Catfish Azure Tilapia Muddy Pirarucu Aureum Arowana
Spot #7: Adan Ruins
From the Hidden Wharf, follow the road northeast until you cross over a bridge and walk under an arch. From there, head west and follow the road down until you come upon the fishing spot. The fish that can be caught from Adan Ruins are as follows:
Hawksbill Trout Cave Sea Bass Emerald Salmon Lesser Pirarucu Aqfotle Arowana
Spot #8: The Ocean (The Hidden Wharf)
To travel to the fishing spot in the Ocean, you’ll have to make use of the cargo freighter from the Hidden Wharf in Mahag Saar. Simply talk to the captain, marked by the green circle on the minimap, and ask him to take you to the fishing spot. Note: To unlock the ability to fish here, you must first finish the Wedge dungeon at a later point in the story. The following fish can be caught from the fishing spot at sea:
Vesper Sea Bass Sardonyx Grouper Garnet Sea Bream Blueback Tuna Mahag Saar Barracuda Silver Marlin
Ganath Haros
Spot #9: Shinefall Woods
To reach the fishing spot in Shinefall Woods, simply enter the area from the direction of Thistlym. From there, take an immediate right and follow the path up the incline. At the brow of the hill, you’ll come across the fishing pier. The fish that can be caught from Shinefall Woods are as follows:
Dahnan Bass Ganath Haros Piranha Tricolored Catfish Ganath Haros Catfish Green Pike
Spot #10: Lavtu Marshlands
To reach the fishing spot in the Lavtu Marshlands, you’ll want to enter the area from the direction of Pelegion. Upon entering Lavtu Marshlands from the west, head south and hug the western side of the map, swimming past a small island with strawberries and a larger one with rice. The fishing pier is just southwest of here, in the corner of the map. The following fish can be caught from Lavtu Marshlands:
Dahnan Bass Tricolored Catfish Lavtu Tilapia Lavtu Arowana Lesser Pirarucu Cobalt Trout
Spot #11: Fogwharl Limestone Caverns
The fishing spot within the Fogwharl Limestone Caverns is found deep inside the dungeon, in the Inner Sanctum. You’ll need to fight a very powerful boss called Luo Undine to even access the area, so you probably won’t be seeing this until the very end of the game. The caverns themselves can be accessed from the Shinefall Woods. Note: You’ll find this fishing spot after undertaking the endgame side-quest ‘Untamable Rage’ from an NPC in Thistlym. Keep an eye out for an old man standing on the ridge above the settlement itself to begin this quest. The following types of fish can be caught from this special fishing location:
Ganath Haros Piranha Pearly Pike Azure Tilapia Ganath Haros Catfish Fogwharl Pike Cygni Pirarucu
Other
Spot #12: The Uninhabited Island
Finally, we have the Uninhabited Island. This is initially accessed by the cargo freighter, but after traveling there once and activating the fast travel spot, you can go there directly using the map. You’ll only be able to come here after unlocking Rena in the main story. Once you’ve done so, head to the Tuah Seashore just east of Thistlym, after which the side-quest ‘Beyond the Grave’ will begin. From here, head back to the Hidden Wharf and talk to the captain. The option to travel to the Uninhabited Island should be available. The types of fish that can be caught at the Uninhabited Island are as follows:
Vesper Sea Bass Tsuyukasa Mackerel Mahag Saar Flatfish Zesti Grouper Gluttonous Barracuda